कंप्यूटर ( संग्ढ़क )
· कंप्यूटर
शब्द की उत्पत्ति
इंग्लिश भाषा के
शब्द 'कंप्यूटर' से
हुई है, जिसका
अर्थ है 'गणना
करना'
· कंप्यूटर एक इलेक्टॉनिक सामग्री संसाधन युक्ति है जो उच्च गति सटीकता तथा यथार्थता के साथ काफी आंकड़ों को पड़ तथा लिख, गणना तथा तुलना, संचित तथा संसाधन कर सकता है।
· यह इलेक्ट्रानिक घटको ट्रांजिस्टर रेसिस्टर (प्रतिरोधक ) डायोड तथा सर्किट का उपयोग करता है।
· कंप्यूटर में दुविआधारित पद्धति का प्रयोग होता है जिसके प्रयोग का श्रेय जॉन वान न्यूमैन को जाता है
· बिट्स - द्विआधारित अंको 0 तथा 1 को बिट्स कहा जाता है
· कंप्यूटर एक इलेक्टॉनिक सामग्री संसाधन युक्ति है जो उच्च गति सटीकता तथा यथार्थता के साथ काफी आंकड़ों को पड़ तथा लिख, गणना तथा तुलना, संचित तथा संसाधन कर सकता है।
· यह इलेक्ट्रानिक घटको ट्रांजिस्टर रेसिस्टर (प्रतिरोधक ) डायोड तथा सर्किट का उपयोग करता है।
· कंप्यूटर में दुविआधारित पद्धति का प्रयोग होता है जिसके प्रयोग का श्रेय जॉन वान न्यूमैन को जाता है
· बिट्स - द्विआधारित अंको 0 तथा 1 को बिट्स कहा जाता है
कंप्यूटर - विकास का संक्षिप्त इतिहास
· चाल्स बैबेज ने 1833 में सर्वप्रथम कंप्यूटर की परिकल्पना की
· इन्हे आधुनिक कंप्यूटर का पिता कहा जाता है
· सर्वप्रथम कंप्यूटर प्रोग्राम विकसित करने का श्रेय एडा ऑगस्टा [चाल्र्स बैबेज की शिष्य] को जाता है
· हर्मनं हॉलेरिथ ने पंच कार्ड का अविष्कार किया तथा इसके प्रयोग पर आधारित 1890 में एक इलेक्ट्रॉनिक टेबुलेटिंग मशीन का निर्माण किया जिसका प्रयोग
· अमेरिकी जनगणना में किया गया।
· आई बी एम (IBM कम्पनी के सहयोग से होयार्ड आईकैन ने (1937 से 1944 ई के मध्य ) विश्व का पूर्ण स्वचालित विधुत यांत्रिक कम्प्यूटर मार्क 1 बनाया
· जॉन एटनासॉफ एवं क्लिफोर्ड बेरी ने 1939 इसवीं में विश्व के प्रथम इलेक्ट्रानिक डिजिटल कम्प्यूटर ए बी सी ( ABC ) का निर्माण किया
· 1946 ई में जे पी एकर्ट तथा जॉन माश्ली ने विश्व के पहले इलेक्ट्रानिक कम्प्यूटर एनिएक-1 का आविष्कार किया
· कम्प्यूटर के विकास में सर्वाधिक योगदान जॉन वान न्यूमैन का है जिन्होने इड़विक ( EDVAC Electronic Disorete Variable Automatic Computer ) का अविष्कार किया।
उच्चस्तरीय कम्प्यूटर भाषाएँ
- · फोरट्रान (FORTRAN ) इसका विकास गणितीय सूत्रो को आसानी से हल करने हेतु किया गया।
- · कोबोल (COBOL ) व्यावसायिक उदेश्य हेतु विकसित भाषा।
- · अल्गोल (ALGOL ) जटिल बीजगणितीय गणनाओ हेतु विकसित।
- · पास्कल (PASCAL ) यह अल्गोल का परिवद्धिर्त रूप है।
- · कोमल (COMAL )
- · लोगो (LOGO )
- · प्रोलॉग (PROLOG )
- · फोर्थ (FORTH )
- · बेसिक (BASIC )
(Q) 1 - What is computer ? Explain with its number system. (7marks)
(Q) 2 - write down functioning units of computer. (9marks)
(Q) 3 - write down generation of computer.Which generation comes, (a) lcs with ssi
and msi technology (b) lcs with Ulsi technology (c) Transistors (d) Ics with Vlsi
technology (e) Vacuum tubes. (10marks)
(Q) 4 - What is noteped ? Explain with its extension name. (3marks)
(Q) 5 - Write down full name of these. (11marks)
(a) - ALU (b) DBMS (c) ENIAC (d)VSNL (e) BSNL (f) MAN
(g) GUI (h) OMR (i) OCR (j) VLSI (k) ULSI
(Q) 6 - How do I cut , copy, paste and delete text? (8marks)
(Q) 7 - Through which menu I go to a specific line in a noteped documen. (2marks)
(Q) (8) - Write down definition of the computer. (2 marks)
(Q)(9) -Write down characteristics of computer . (3 marks)
(Q) (10) - How many types of number system? Explain with on its base . (4 marks)
(Q) (11) - How many types of logic gates?
Explain with figure and truth table. (10 marks)
(Q) (12) - How many types of key in kebord? (5 marks)
(Q)(13) - Write down types of software ? Explain with example. (4 marks)
(Q) (14 - Write down types of computer . (6 marks)
(Q) (15) - How many menus in notepad ? Write the name of every menu . (5 marks)
(Q)(16) - How many types of generation of computer?
Write down duration of everyone . (5 marks)
(Q) (17) - Write down about Evolution of computer . (10 marks)
(Q)(18 - Write down any five input & output devices both. (5 marks)
(Q)(19) - Write down processing of computer. (2 marks)
(Q)(20) - Write down functioning of computer . (5 marks)
(Q)(21) - Convert the following . (16 marks)
(A) Binary to decimal (B) Decimal to binary
(a) 10100010010 (a) 192
(b) 10100111011 (b) 357
(c) 11111011010 (c) 518
(d) 10010000010 (d) 428
(Q)(22) - What is noteped? (3 marks)
(Q)(23) - What is the extension name of noteped? (2 marks)
(Q)(24) -What is the extension name of Wordped? (2 marks)
(Q)(25) - How can we cut , copy & paste in noteped? (6 marks)
(q)(26) - Write down the full name of any five. (5 marks)
(a) ALU (b) DBMS (c) EEPROM (d) GIS (f) HTTP
(g)IDM (h) ISDN (i) MTNL (j) XHTML.
27.Which one is not an output device?
a.printer
c.Keyboard
d.Modem
28.Which one works as an output and input device?
a.Modem
b.Scanner
c.Mouse
d.Monitor
29.All computers must have:
a.Word processing software
b.An operating system
c.A printer attached
d.A virus checking program
30.The brain of the computer is called:
a.Random Access Memory or RAM
b.Central Processing Unit or CPU
c.read Only Memory or ROM
d.BIOS
31.An operating system is:
a.Integrated software
b.CD_ROM software
c.Application software
d.System software
32.Software is:
a.A computer program
b.A set of instructions
c.All of the above
d.System software
33.One MB is equal to:
a.The amount of RAM in every computer
b.1 billion bytes
c.1024 KB
d. 1thousand bytes
34.The resolution of a printer is measured in:
a.Megabits
b.Hz
c.Dots per inch (DPI)
d.Inches (diagonal)
35.Windows and Macintosh computers
a.Are both manufactured by Motorola
b.Both use Intel microprocessors
c.Use the same operating system
d.Are not compatible
36..A computer port is used to:
a. communicate with other computer peripherals
b.Download files from the web
c.Communicate with all hard drives
d.Connect computers together
QUIZ TWO
37.Which computer is the fastest?
a.PII 600 MHz
b.PIII 600 MHz
c.Pentium 600 MHz
d.486 Turbo
38.Which hard disk will be able store more information?
a.24 Mb
b.2400 KB
c.24 Gig
d.240 MB
39.In order for your computer to play music you need:
a.A network card and speakers
b. A sound card and speakers
c. Nothing more than the internal speaker
d.A CD-ROM drive
40.In order to access the World Wide Web you need:
a.An Internet connection,an Internet Service provider and browser software
b.Only Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator
c.A modem and a browser
d.Nothing. All computers can access the Internet
41.If you have two different printers attached to your computer
a.It is not possible to have two printers attached to a single computer
b.You need to install a single printer driver
c.You need to use application software that can recognize both printers
d.You need to install two different printer drivers in order to able to print to either printer
42.Which file extensions indicate only graphics files?
a. BMP and Explorer
b.JPEG and TXT
c.TXT and STK
D.BMP and GIF
43.Which Windows program do you use to manage folders and files?
a.Windows Explorer
b.Windows Accessories
c.Microsoft Office
d.Windows Control Panel
44.What is a URL:
a.An email address
b.The title of a web site
c.The address of a page on the World Wide Web
d.A communication method between computers and printers
45.Which media holds more information?
a.Floppy diskette
b.DVD.
c.CD-ROM
d.Zip drive
46.Which one is an email address:
a.http://vianet.com/index.htm
b.D:\\Email\Standard
c.joesmart@billme.com
d.Chaminde.org/teachers/mailaddresses
QUIZ THREE
47.CPU means (1 point)
a.Central Processing Unit
b.Controlled Program Utilization
c.Computer Programming Unit
d.Computerized Processing Unit
47.Computers use a special code for representing letters numbers, Known as the (1 Point)
a.Processing code
b.binary code
c.CRX code
d.integrated code
48.The main circuit board in the computer that connects the parts of the computer is the (1Point)
a.hard device
b.motherboard
c.fatherboard
d.main board
49.The part of the computer that processes the information is the (1 point)
a.floppy disk
b.CD-ROM drive
c.monitor
d.microprocessor
50.Which of these is not an example of an input device?(1 Point)
a.keyboard
b.mouse
c.hard device
d.scanner
51.Processing speed in computer is measured in (1 Point)
a.millivolts (Mv)
b.hertz (Hz)
c.megahertz (MHz)
d.rpm's
52.External devices such as printers and scanners plug into-in the back of the computer. (1 Point)
a.RX-5's
b.expansion slots
c.outlets
d.ports
53.Windows is (1 point)
a.a kind of operating system.
b.a graphics display device.
c.a monitor display system
d.a video game
54.To''boot a computer''means to (1 Point)
a.add extra drives
b.turn on the sound
c.turn it on.
d.throw it out-it's outdated
55.A ''byte''is (1 Point)
a.drive a
b.drive b
c.drive c.
d.drive h.
56.A"by"is (1 point)
a.found in the upper right corner of a window screen.
b. a group of 8 bits of code.
c. the capacity of a sound card.
d.the part that moves on a disk drive .
57.When you click SAVE on the monitor, and there is no floppy disk in a drive the document or application you "re using is stored (1 point )
a. on the RAM chips.
b. on the CD ROM drive .
c. in ROM memory.
d. on the hard drive.
58. Pictures on the display screen (monitor ) are made up of (1 point )
a. pixels.
b. layers of color.
c. bits.
d. video "packets"
59. Temporary memory is called (1 point)
a. RAM
b. CAD
c. DOS
d. ROM
60. Which of these is not one of the three main functions of a microprocessor? (1 point )
a. fetch
b. store
c. decode
d. execute
61 . Which of these is not an example of computer hardware ? (1 point )
a. video card
b. mouse
c. CD-ROM drive
d. Windows
62. To "debug" the system means to (1 point )
a. clean it.
b. find and correct errors.
c. decode it.
d. set up icons.
63. A megabyte is (1 point )
a. 1,000 bytes
b. 1 byte
c. 1 million bytes
d. 1 trillion bytes
63. Formatting a disk means (1 point)
a. installing an operating system on it .
b. setting up sections on the disk to store the files in.
c. cleaning the disk from any dust contaminates.
d. programming the disk so data on it can 't be erased .
64. A system that connects individual computers together a (n) (1 point )
a. operating system.
b. network .
c. tape drive system.
d, partnered path
65 When you use a PC, you are using a (1 point )
a. programmable console.
b. powered calculating machine .
c. personal computer .
d. processing contraption .
42. VDU stands for:
a. Video Display Unit
b. Visible Display unit
c. Visual Display Unit.
d. Video Diode Unit.
(66) Write down definition of computer. (2 marks)
(67) Write down characteristics of computer. (2 marks )
(68) Write down generations of computer. (3 marks)
(69) Write down evolution of computer. (4 marks )
(70) How many types of number system ? Explain with on its base. (2 marks)
(71) How many types of logic gates? Explain with on its figure and truth tables:-( 5 marks )
(72) Convert it :- (6 marks)
(1) Binary to decimal
(a) 101111101101 (b) 10101001011
(c) 11110001101 (d) 101010101101
(2) Decimal to binary
(a) 297 (b) 502
(c) 101 (d) 1024
(73) How many types of software? (3 marks )
(74) How many types of computer ? Explain. (3 marks)
(75) How many types of memory ? (2 marks)
(76) What is the extension name of notepad ? (1 marks)
(77 What is the path to point current data & time in notepad ? (1 marks )
(78) How many menus in notepad? (1 marks )
(79) What is the use of format painter? (2 marks)
(80) Difference between cut & copy? (2 marks)
(81) Write down about virus and antivirus . (6 marks )
(82) Write full names: - (5 marks )
(a) M T N L (b) HTML (c) X HT M L (d) UV E P R O M
(e) MS-DOS (f) IBM (g) GU L (h) COBOL
(i) DBMS (j) ATM
